教师公开招聘英语学科笔试试卷题3

http://chongqing.hteacher.net 2023-05-04 14:33 重庆教师招聘 [您的教师考试网]

笔试课程面试课程网校课程咨询方式加群学习

Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.

Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste (糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.

Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”

Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?

Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfill. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic”.

49. What can we learn about the worms in the study?

A. They take plastics as their everyday food.

B. They are newly evolved creatures.

C. They can consume plastics.

D. They wind up in landfills.

49.【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.”可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。

50. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to ______.

A. identify other means of the breakdown

B. find out the source of the enzyme

C. confirm the research findings

D. increase the breakdown speed

50.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?”可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。

51. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might ______.

A. help to raise worms

B. help make plastic bags

C. be used to clean the oceans

D. be produced in factories in future

51.【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。

52. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain a study method on worms.

B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.

C. To present a way to break down plastics.

D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.

52.【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.”可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.’”可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。

关注公众号